Interview with Mona Hellesnes, the Vice-Mayor in Hordaland state.
1.Why did you take up this profession?
Well, to begin with, becoming mayor of a county (or state) is not a choice – but I chose to become a politician. I am concerned with society development, and it is meaningful to do this kind of political work. As in many other countries, the electoral system in Norway is a system you negotiate for positions after the election, and I want to contribute to this democracy.
2.Do you have any children? And if so - with a busy schedule, do you have the time to raise them?
I have two children – two boys, 20 and 23 years old. It has always been a busy lifestyle, working full time being engaged in politics. From 1995 to 2003 I was something I would like to call a” spare time politician”. I have a very supportive and flexible husband, and we have always shared the housework. I have also participated actively in the children’s lives as well. I was the kids’ football coach for 7 years and in a special committee arranging cross-country ski events. I have always tried to balance my time to get enough time together with my children.
3.Do you have any hobbies? How do you manage to get time to do the things that YOU want to do?
It is not so much time for my own hobbies. I try to do some physical training because it gives you energy. I like to be outdoors with my family doing cross-country ski in the winter and hiking in the summertime.
4.Have you had to make any sacrifices to follow this career path?
No, I don’t think so. I have to admit that I’ve not had much of a social life on the side, but that has been well compensated for with a good professional social network related to my work. And I don’t consider this a sacrifice.
5.Making ends meet, do you have much stress in your daily life?
Yes, from time to time. The consequences have been that I have had to say ”no” more often than I want to. But I don’t mind the workload since I am used to have a lot of things on my mind at the same time. So it’s going to be extremely intense the day I let stress get the best of me.
6.In your opinion, what is a “beautiful”/”strong” woman - or what essential qualities must such a woman have?
I think such qualities are personal commitment, to believe in what you do, and to be a good listener. And it is also important to be structured in your work. You will succeed if you work systematically with a clear objective.
7.What do you think about the importance of women’s paid labor? In Japan, especially among the older generation, there are still many who don’t accept the fact that housewives can make a career in the society. (If one disregards specific careers such as artists, doctors, nurses or lawyers) And there are big differences in pay between men and women. Especially the fact that housewives working at the same time they raise their children is still not widely accepted, and the workplace is not suitable for women with children. How can we change the minds of those who still think like this?
To the first question, I would say that Norway as a nation cannot survive without women working. We are very few people in Norway and unless the women were employed it would have been a labor shortage. To say it with an old slogan: “Without women Norway stops”. Almost all women in Norway are working, and still it is a shortage of labor. As a society we cannot afford not to have women in labor. The “Housewife dream” was marketed after the 2nd World War II, but, luckily, we soon discovered that this was not a viable alternative.
To the second question “How can we change the minds of those who still think like this? “, I will have to say that immediately there are two ideas that strike me. 1) Start with the youngest. 2) Highlight the values women stand for. Maybe Japan has a culture that makes it a long way to go. One must begin with young people, and afford to take a debate about the consequences if no changes are made. Japan's economy in the future will depend on the fact that women work. Facilitation requires changes in attitudes, not only in young women, but also in men. Japan must aim to empower women.
8.“Home and work”, you have to teach me the secret how you manage to combine these two things. If a housewife is working in Japan, it just means that her workload is doubled. Do you have a special technique to get out of the "time squeeze"?
First of all, do not try to do everything by yourself! Involve your family! Lower your demands! I can give you an example. I was so tired of spending Saturday’s housecleaning (this was when the youngest was 3-4 years and we also had farm work to be done), so we decided to move housecleaning to Friday afternoon. Then we had a family night after we had finished cleaning. Doing this gave us more “quality time” in the weekends. And even though I saw a need for house cleaning on, say Tuesday’s, I said to myself that “let’s do this on Friday instead”.
In my house the food is not on the table when everyone comes home, we do it together and everybody helps out. For example, my husband always cooked food after football practice was over. I never liked fast food; I don’t like quick solutions. The family must accept that the mother is not supposed to do everything alone, and it must not be too rigid patterns (like being forced to eat at a certain time etc.).
9.How do you communicate with your children? When you are working, it is natural that there are many things you miss. For example, back home from work you are maybe too busy with house work to sit down quietly with the children, or considering your limited time it is not possible to participate in activities important to them. How do you solve this problem?
Well, it actually is quite simple: I did not do housework while they were awake. When they went to sleep I did house keeping or unfinished work. I tried to combine these things. And when I made food for the boys, I did housework in the kitchen at the same time. When they looked at children's TV, I could fold the laundry while watching TV with them. Also, reading for the children in the evening is good communication. But when you have small children you have to let go of your own interests for a while, like reading books. But this is just a matter of priorities that comes very naturally.
10.“Without health you have nothing” – As double-working housewives health is very important. But if you want to do everything perfect, you may be forced to cut back on sleep etc. Are you getting enough sleep? Do you exercise? What do you do to maintain good health?
Well, a little less sleep is something you have to get used to. I've been training football with the children and hiking in the mountains. Maybe in Japan they try to be too perfect. Perhaps it is better to think, "What is good enough?
11.What do you consider the most important factor when it comes to being a working mother?
It must be commonly accepted to send children to kindergarten, with the facilitations to do so. In Norway there is a good kindergarten system.
12.In a country that stands in stark contrast to Japan, where all new employees usually only get hired once a year (April) at the same time, what do Norwegian women do to appeal to the employer? Which points are important to emphasize on the CV for a woman seeking a job?
1) Professional competence (it is not major differences between women and men).
2) Interests, or if you have held any positions, what particular activities you have been involved in etc.
3) It is also about flexibility, or having a flexible character. Having a family is no problem with the employer, but what is important is how to organize this in relation to the needs of the employer. What kind of network do you have? It has come more and more clear to me that this point is important.
13.Would you marry a man who asked you to quit your job to stay home with the kids? Is there such a man in Norway today?
To the first question: No. To the second: yes, unfortunately. There are not many, but some, who marry women with different cultural backgrounds. But Norway’s system prevents this type of thinking. For example, for maternity leave with pay you must have had a record of employment.
14.Regardless whether you are married or not, I have heard that there is a tendency to "look down on" those who cannot bear children. Is it true that no matter how busy you are the majority of Norwegian women wants to bear children?
Yes, most people want children, not only women but also the majority of Norwegian men. But it's not a problem anymore if you don’t have your own family or children. To the extent there is a problem it would have to be on an individual level amongst the women who, for one reason or another don’t have children. There is no negative focus from the community whatsoever.
15. In Japan it is often the case that when skilled female employees suddenly become pregnant, this creates dissatisfaction with the company and they have little (or no) support from employers (which may make it difficult to come back after maternity leave). Are these reactions unthinkable in Norway?
Yes. I will not pretend that it does not happen, but it is rare. The Working Environment Act, with its system of financial compensation etc., is structured so that this will not happen. So in 99.5% of the cases this is not an issue.
16.I've heard that maternity leave in Norway is paid. Are there cases where people have exploited this system by taking maternity leave and the moment they are supposed to go back to work, they just quit?
It happens, but if this is exploitation, I am not sure. It could just be a result of the desire for another job. We have a flexible arrangement in Norway - both in terms of distribution of maternity leave between father and mother (combining partial work and partial maternity leave). In the 1990s there were major changes to maternity leave arrangements. When I gave birth to my oldest son I had 20 weeks leave, today there are 48 weeks with full pay. There have also been major changes in attitudes towards this.
17.Are there many cases when a career has been destroyed because you have become pregnant and gone out on maternity leave?
There are some cases, I think. For example, while being on leave there may have been done some reorganizations, mergers, sales, etc. However, there will always come a new chance, and this limits the consequences. Such cases are very rare.
18.Is housework fairly equally divided between you and your partner? In Japan it is still most women who must bear the burden.
Statistics shows that there are still more women than men who take responsibility for the household, but usually you share the burden with your husband - just doing different things. Some men are great cooks, and me for example, I am not very fond of chopping wood. The important thing is to find practical solutions that suit you.
19.Is it common to change jobs (many times) in Norway? In Japan it is common to have a career change after approx. 3 years. Then you either change your job or take a year as an exchange student somewhere.
This is really varying in Norway. It is more common now than 20 years ago to switch jobs. “Gold Watch status” (25 years in the same company) is probably not very common anymore, unless it is a large company like Aker Group, Statoil, etc. where you can switch jobs internally in the same company. Me, I have not had a job longer than 4 years, and have never thought of it as a problem.
20.Is the number of women who work until retirement age above 50%?
I really do not know, but I think so. You have to check the statistics to be sure.
21.A final question: In a place like Hardanger, considering you have to travel great distances, the rough weather conditions, and lack of public transportation, etc., does everybody use a car to work?
Yes, almost everyone! Some people share one car to work. In the cities it is the opposite because the public transport is organized in a better way.
Finally, I would like to say that the words “flexibility” and “individuality” are keywords in what we've talked about here.